“The Essential Topics to Master Before Pursuing CCNP Certification”

Atul Sharma's photo
Atul Sharma
·

2 min read

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZkElz--LSo

The video is a revision class for CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) where the instructor covers important concepts related to the OSI model and TCP/IP. Here is a summary of the key points discussed in the video:

  1. OSI Model:

    • The OSI model consists of seven layers: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.

    • The Data Link layer has two sub-layers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).

  2. TCP/IP:

    • TCP/IP is a protocol suite used in the industry and is based on the OSI reference model.

    • TCP/IP has five layers: Application, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.

  3. Application Layer:

    • The Application layer is responsible for software that interacts with machines and users.

    • It includes protocols like SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), and DNS (Domain Name System).

    • The Presentation layer is responsible for formatting data, encryption, and compression.

    • The Session layer creates and maintains sessions between computers.

  4. Transport Layer:

    • The Transport layer decides whether to use TCP or UDP to deliver data.

    • TCP provides reliable and ordered delivery of data, while UDP is used for real-time applications and does not guarantee delivery.

  5. Segmentation:

    • Segmentation is the process of dividing a packet into smaller parts to be transmitted over the network.

    • Segmentation is necessary because the maximum size of packets varies across different networks.

  6. Packet Flow:

    • When a computer wants to access a website, it first checks its DNS cache for the IP address.

    • If the IP address is not found in the cache, the computer contacts the DNS server to resolve the domain name.

    • The computer then checks its ARP cache for the MAC address of the gateway (router).

    • If the MAC address is not found in the cache, an ARP process is initiated to obtain the MAC address.

    • Finally, the computer sends the packet to the gateway, which forwards it to the DNS server.

Overall, the video provides a comprehensive revision of important networking concepts related to the OSI model and TCP/IP.

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